Pdf cytogeography of cenchrus ciliaris poaceae in tunisia. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Pronunciation of cenchrus ciliaris with 1 audio pronunciation, 1 synonym and more for cenchrus ciliaris. It is often used as a pasture grass in texas and northern mexico and has invaded several countries including hawaii. Pennisetiformis always use fire with caution as buffel grass fires burn extremely hot and can spread rapidly.
It has a deep, tough rootstock that may go as deep as 2 m. From the cholistan desert, pakistan 1475 the total nitrogen content of the samples was determined by the microkjeldahl method. Cenchrus is derived from the greek word kegchros which means a kind of millet. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. Cenchrus ciliaris has been introduced into many tropical and subtropical areas, where it can be found from sea level to 2000 m. Biological sulphate reduction using lignocellulose hydrolysis byproducts produced by fungal hydrolysis of. Impacts and management of cenchrus ciliaris buffel grass as an invasive species in northern queensland thesis submitted by janice jackson b. Pdf digestibility of buffel grass cenchrus ciliaris. Buffel grass is a highly variable, tufted tussockforming perennial grass ecoport, 2010. Weed control in lawns cein4 plants that contanimate wool and mohair in texas. Larger adults plants split at the nodes as they grow developing a messy unorganized. However, in certain situations, particularly in arid to semiarid environments, buffel grass has the ability to rapidly invade the surrounding environment. Such names allude to the sharp, spinecovered burrs characterizing the inflorescences of the members of the genus some botanists include the genus within the.
Other names by which this grass is known include dhaman grass, anjan grass, koluk katai and buffelgrass. Chipinga foxtail is a fine, leafy form in rhodesia. Poaceae is a commonly occurring perennial grass in south africa. Pdf buffel grass cenchrus ciliaris as an invader and threat to. Ingestion of this grass plant by horses can cause osteodystrophia fibrosa because most of the calcium in the grass is in the form of oxalate crystals and unavailable for absorption. It commonly escapes from plantings, especially into disturbed habitats, where it promotes a grassfire cycle. Link is a species of grass native to most of africa, southern asia east to india, southern iran, and the extreme south of europe sicily.
The introduced perennial pasture species, buffel grass cenchrus ciliaris, birdwood grass c. Pdf popular pastoral species, buffel grass cenchrus ciliaris is receiving long overdue attention as an invasive weed. Cenchrus ciliaris definition of cenchrus ciliaris by the. Site maintenance lasting about 2 days is scheduled to begin at 7. Weed data aggregation and risk assessment for the pilbara. Cenchrus ciliaris is a grass native to southern asia and much of africa. Media in category cenchrus ciliaristhe following 200 files are in this category, out of 1,495 total. Popular pastoral species, buffel grass cenchrus ciliaris is receiving long overdue attention as. Link is a species of grass native to most of africa, southern asia east to india, southern iran, and the extreme south of europe. Cenchrus ciliaris invasion and control in southwestern u. Buffelgrass cenchrus ciliaris is a perennial shrublike grass from the family poaceae. Cenchrus ciliaris buffelgrass this plant and synonym italicized and indented above can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. By using xeriscape techniques, watering your landscape efficiently and implementing sustainable. It is composed of both longitudinal and circular fibres and serves to change the shape of the lens, enabling the eye to focus upon near or distant.
Cenchrus ciliaris grassland in semiarid region were studied during july 2008june 2009 using eddy covariance measurement. In the wa herbarium, its known from a restricted number of locations that do not reflect the known distribution from field accounts figure 3. Cenchrus ciliaris has the least connate involucral bristles in the genus and thus has been alternately placed in both genera wagner et al. Ciliaris muscle, muscle of the ciliary body of the eye, between the sclera white of the eye and the fine ligaments that suspend the lens. Biological sulphate reduction using lignocellulose. Manual removal is feasible for small numbers of plants at a local scale. Description a perennial warmseason bunch grass with rhizomes.
For example, in the western usa rangelands invasive grasses are currently transforming native ecosystems. High co2 uptake was observed during september to december. The results can also be downloaded as a csv file unicode utf8 encoding see status, confidence level, source for definitions. Cochliotoxin, a dihydropyranopyran4,5dione, and its. Immature forms of buffelgrass look similar to bunchgrass because of the condensed appearance. Buffel grass cenchrus ciliaris is of most concern on sandy soils and is often also weedy on alluvial flats and riverine sites. This is a very important pasture grass in many parts of the tropical world, mainly because of its ease and low cost of establishment, comparatively high value and yield, extreme drought.
Australian rangelands and climate change cenchrus ciliaris buffel grass 5 anthropogenic climate change will lead to ecosystem changes in worldwide arid and semiarid rangelands by the influence changed climate has on invasive plants. Cenchrus ciliaris buffelgrass or african foxtail grass. Pdf belonging to the genus cenchrus with 1622 species, cenchrus ciliaris. Buffel grass control sheet land for wildlife garden. Buffelgrass pennisetum ciliare or cenchrus ciliaris is a perennial grass that has become highly invasive in the sonoran desert of southern arizona. Browse pictures and read growth cultivation information about cenchrus species, buffel grass cenchrus ciliaris supplied by member gardeners in the plantfiles database at daves garden. Dissertation msc microbiologyuniversity of pretoria, 2006. Buffel grass, also known as anjan grass, is one of the most important forage crops of india and other tropical and semitropical regions of the world5 due to its low water demand, high nutrition content and ability to recover from grazing. Cenchrus ciliaris is native to africa, arabia, canary islands, malagasy, indonesia, northern india, and pakistan. The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. Zeerust is a tall, leafy form adapted to 5063 cm rainfall in tanzania. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The plant list includes a further 48 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus cenchrus.
It is a very robust grass that may grow over 3 tall and wide. Buffel grass cenchrus ciliaris is widely cultivated as a pasture grass and planted for erosion control, particularly in the semiarid rangelands of northern australia. We do not intend the plant list to be complete for names of infraspecific rank. Poaceae update for itis, in cooperation with natureserve, and based on the catalogue of new world grasses database and other sources. The long, dense root mass makes manual removal difficult. The active season during which daily net co2 uptake was observed corresponded with the wet season which lasted for 7 months. Environmental weed risk assessment results for cenchrus ciliaris l. The bristles of the involucre in cenchrus are connate, while those in pennisetum are distinct.
Plants profile for cenchrus spinifex coastal sandbur. Buffel grass cenchrus ciliaris as an invader and threat. These are primarily included because names of species rank are. Cenchrus ciliaris pennisetum ciliare, commonly known as buffel grass, is a perennial bunchgrass that forms thick mats. In riparian areas in can replace native vegetation along riverbanks and damage habitats that are vital to the survival of many plant and animal species.
It forms extensive dense monocultures excluding native species. Sandbur control in corn cein4 north dakota state cooperative extension. Cenchrus ciliaris pennisetum ciliare, commonly known as buffel grass. Cenchrus ciliaris buffel grass is an introduced pasture grass known to be widespread throughout the pilbara. Cenchrus is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family. Its species are native to many countries in asia, africa, australia, the americas, and various oceanic islands common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur. Water, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts were prepared from the underground and leaf material of c. The genus cenchrus has 22 species, tropical and warm temperate. Environmental weed risk assessment results for cenchrus. In very lush pasture can cause acute oxalate poisoning in sheep, but only if they are. Buffel grass cenchrus ciliaris as an invader and threat to.
Otherwise highly diverse communities, grasslands and shrublands, have been overtaken by a monoculture of this fire tolerant. Always seek appropriate permissions prior to burning buffel grass. Colorado is a dry state, averaging only 15 inches of precipitation a year. Pdf belonging to the genus cenchrus with 1622 species, cenchrus ciliaris l. Manzimnyamal and sebungwe are dwarf forms suitable for semiarid conditions. In the search for novel control strategies against this weed, strains of the foliar fungal pathogen cochliobolus australiensis from buffelgrass have been screened for their ability to produce phytotoxic metabolites that could potentially be used.
Buffel grass has been widely introduced in the dry tropics and subtropics as a pasture grass, for erosion control and revegetation of. Water wise landscape handbook save water and enjoy a beautiful yard with these landscape tips. This document was originally published on the website of. Research articles seasonal changes in net ecosystem. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. Q in may 2004 for the degree of doctor of philosophy in tropical plant sciences school of. The plant list includes 215 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus cenchrus. Its highly invasive, and often the dominant flora in disturbed areas. The underground runners are used in zulu traditional medicine for ailments including body pain, menstrual disorders and urinary infections. Cenchrus ciliaris is an invasive, perennial pasture grass and is native to africa, the middle east and southern asia dixon 1999. Finely ground material 1 g was put in a digestion flask with 3 g of digestion mixture mercury sulfate hgso 4 and potassium sulphate k 2so 4 at a ratio of 1.