Although little is known of the underlying mechanism of interactions between nematodes and plant pathogenic bacteria, it has been reported that nematodes as primary pathogens create ports of entry inducing wounds, induce cellular modifications in plant tissues, decrease leaf concentrations of nutrients, increase water stress, and induce. Pdf virulence strategies of plant pathogenic bacteria. Figure 2, but fewer than fungi or viruses, and they cause relatively less damage and economic cost kennedy and alcorn 1980. Plant pathogenic bacteria cause many serious diseases of plants throughout the world vidhyasekaran 2002. A single teaspoon of healthy topsoil contains about a billion bacterial cells, 120,000 fungal cells and 25,000 algal cells. Agents to control plant pathogens should be specific. Gene transfer agents in plant pathogenic bacteria biorxiv. Bacterial plant pathogens and symptomology bacteria are microscopic prokaryotic a cell in which the nuclear material is not enclosed by a nuclear membrane and, for the most part, singlecelled microorganisms.
Fungi account for around 85 percent of plant diseases followed by viruses, bacteria and nematodes. Plant pathogenic bacteria have evolved several unique virulence strategies to successfully infect their hosts. Pdf plant protection plays an important role in agriculture for the food quality and quantity. Environmental factors are important in the development of plant diseases and determine whether the diseases become epidemic. Identification of gram negative plant pathogenic bacteria by the biolog. Prevalence of plant beneficial and human pathogenic bacteria.
Selected pathogenicity, growth, and morphological characteristics of the putatively new botrytis. Genetic analysis reveals unprecedented diversity of a globally. Most plants, both economic and wild, have innate immunity or resistance to many pathogens. Proteins sec reted by bacteria are tr ansported via molecula r. Commensal flora oral streptococci pathogens group a streptococcus pharyngitis impetigo rheumatic disease secondary to immune response to the organism cross reactive abs commensal flora e. Schuenzel1 1 ars, usda foreign diseaseweed science research unit, fort detrick, md, usa 2 department of plant pathology, virginia polytechnic institute and state university, blacksburg, va, usa historically, phytopathogenic bacterial species were classified using pathogenicity tests.
The recognition that bacteria cause diseases in plants was rela. Among the latter, there are over 200 plant pathogenic bacterial species considine and considine, 1995. There is evidence to support that combining phage with several. Combining information from recent studies in bagta and dsgta, the gtas of. Manual of bacterial plant pathogens has listed after the name of each pathogen. Phylogenetic analysis was done by constructing the neighbour joining phylogenetic tree of all the 104 endophytic bacterial isolates to explore the. One current area of intense research in the field of plant pathogen interactions is. Classification, naming, and plant pathogenic bacteriawhat is to be done. Fungi in genus botrytis are economicallyimportant agricultural plant pathogens that. Virulence strategies of plant pathogenic bacteria 2 69 in structure, with the amino terminal region carrying informa tion required for secretion guttman et al. Research article pathogenic bacteria target plant plasmodesmata to colonize and invade surrounding tissues kyaw aunga,b,j, panya kimc, zhongpeng lib, anna joec,h, brian kvitkoa,i, james r. The main categories of microbes that cause plant diseases which are fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes. Pathogenic bacteria 1988 and manual of methods for general bacteriology.
Bacterial pathogenesis how do bacteria cause disease. Bacteriophages, the viruses of bacteria, have received increased research. Top 10 plant pathogenic bacteria in molecular plant pathology. Deciphering how plant pathogenic bacteria disperse and meet. Chapter 20 considers plant pathogenic bacterial impact i n terms of host plant morphology, growth, and developmen t jones and dangl, 2006, as well as yield impacts both economical ly s tefani. Pathogenic bacteria target plant plasmodesmata to colonize. Nep2 gene trees using both maximum likelihood ml and neighbour joining nj methods. Recently, exploration of bacteria for the biological control of plant pathogens has. Plant pathogenic bacterial vir ulence factors are associated w ith the bacterial sur face or secreted into the surrou nding environment. Abstract although some plant pathogenic bacteria represent a significant threat. Request pdf top 10 plant pathogenic bacteria in molecular plant pathology many plant bacteriologists, if not all, feel that their particular.